Improvement in the manufacture of tin-lined lead pipe



,had to the .tion to each other when formed UNITED 4.STATES PATENTOEEIcE.

` WILLIAMANTHONY SHAW, OF NEW YORK, Ni Y- IMPHOVEMENT IN THEMANUFACTURE'OF TlN-LlhlED LEAD PIPE.

Spccficatioii forming part of Letters Patent No. 74,612, dated February18, 1868; aniedatcd February 6, lSGS.

To all whom z'tvmay concern:

Be it known` that I, WILLIAM ANTHONY SHAW, of the city and county of NewYork, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Maniactiire of Tin-Lined Lead Pipe; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a fnll, clear, and exact description of thesaine, reference being annexed drawing, making part of thisspecification, in which the various gures llustrate diiierentmodifications of my invenion.

0n the 10th of March, 1863, Letters Patent of the United States weregranted tome for my improvement in the manufacture of tinlined leadpipe, which Letters Patent were subsequently assigned and reissued.

j In the machine for which the aforesaid Letters Patent were issuedthere is but one containing-cylinder, one die, and one ram used, bothmetals, the tin and the lead, being forced out of the cylinder throughthe die over the mandrel at one and the same time by the motion of asingle ram, the cylinder remaining stationary. In that machine thevrespective ingots of metal have to be made of a peculiar form, andadjusted in respect to each other and the machine with great nicety, toinsure a lining of uniform thickness in the pipe.

The tin and the lead being both put in the saine cylinder, the twometals must bear a certain form, proportion, and density in respect `toeach other, in the form of ingots, or they will not beartheir properrelation and proporin pipe, because, in forcing an ingot out o f aretainingcylinder through a die by means of a piston or ram, that partof the metal nearest the center. of the'ingot is forced out mostrapidly, owing, as 1s supposed, to the greater friction of the metalagainst the sides and bottom of the cylinder; but, whether thisphenomenon be owing to the aforementioned cause or not, its existenceremains, and exercises a con trolling influence in the manufacture oftin-lined lead pipe, or any other laminated pipe made 1n this way, whenthe different metals are put together in one cylinder. In the case oftinlined lead pipe, for example, the lead being farthest from the centeror axis of the core, the tin will be forced out most rapidly during thewhole of the stroke, and especially toward the last part of it, whichwill make the lining thick at onejend of the pipe and thin at the other,unless the ingots be made of a peculiar form, density, and proportion inrespect to i each other, the dies, and the cylinders. It will thereforebe 'readily seen by any one familiar with this branch of the arts thatto properly proportion and adjust these ingots, as aforesaid, so as toyield the desired result, will be always difficult, and has hithertobeen found impossible. To avoid the necessity for this accuracy in theformation and adjustment lof the respective `ingots, and the consequentuncertainty in themanufacture of the pipe, is one of the objects of thisinvention.

In the manufacture of pipe after the manner substantially as stated inthe patent aforesaid, and in the manufacture of lead pipe after themethodpracticed heretofore, the cylinder of the press is rst chargedwith the metal to be used, which is Worked oii'. The' cylinder is thencharged again, and so on, each succeeding charge being put in the4cylinder on the top of the preceding one. Now in Working ofi'the'successive charges, the. place of junetion between the old and newcharge his plainly visible, the pipe being defective at that point,avery little tortionate strain being necessary to twist it off; and butcomparatively little strain is necessary to burst it, so that, practically, in the manufacture of lead pipe, as well as tin-lined lead pipe,after the ,pla-n of the patent above alluded to, the pipe has tol be cutin coils equal in length to that produced by the respective charges. i

To overcome this diiculty, and to produce a continuous coil either oflead or leadfincased tin pipe without said defect, is another of theObjects sought to be accomplished by this iinprovement; and a thirdobject is to incase :a tube of lead between two tubes of tin, or, viceversa, a tube of tin between two tubes of lead.

These objects I accomplish by the use of two cylinders, two rains, andtwo dies, ,coinbiued with one mandrel; and in some cases I propose touse three cylinders, three rains, and three dies, in case Ldesire to usemore than two' kinds of metal, or to put a coating of one kind of inetalon both the inside and outside of the pipe or tube, as will behereinafter more fully described.

In the drawing, Figure I shows a vertical` mentioned combination oframs, dies, cylinmandrel C is then put in its place, and the two 'pliedto the cylinder H, which forces the lead section through a pressconsisting of the aforeders, and mandrel.

`One of the rams, in this modification of my invention, is stationary,and is represented by K; and in the bottom side thereof a cylinder is.formed, in 'which the ram or piston L is fitted, substantially in'themanner shown; a die, D, being fitted in the bottom of the cylinder,through which the tin is forced up around the mandrel C, which issecured in the end of v the ram L and passes up through a hole madethrough the center of the ram to receive it, said hole being made aboutequal in diameter to the hole of the die, which is equal to the externaldiameter of tin lining or tube of tin to be incased in the lead pipe.

rlhe upper cylinder, in this modification of the invention, isrepresented by H. It is movable, `and is worked up and down on theguiderods I I and the "ram K. In the bottom of said last-mentionedcylinder a die is fitted, which is equal in diameter to the externaldiameter of the-pipe it is intended to make in the press. The aforesaidcylinder H is operated by means of ahydraulic ram, F, which is madehollow and fitted into' a cylinder, G, which last-mentioned' cylinder issupported upon the columns or guide-rods I I, the lower ram, L, beingalso operated by means of a hydraulic press of the usual construction.

The operation of this machine will be as follows-that is to say: Therams or pistons. are first drawn out of their respective cylinders. Theingot of tin B and the ingot of lead A are then put in said cylinders,as shown. The

ingots pressed home by puttingA the bottom 11am' andl the top cylinderin motion. The. power is' then applied to the ram L, and the tin forcedup through the die D, the ram K, and the ingot of .lead A until it hasentered the upper die, D, the hole in A, the lead ingot, being madelarge enough to allow the tin tube to pass up through it. The power isnow apup through the die D and around the tin tube, the motion of thelower ram being continued and adjusted to supply the tin lining as fastas the lead pipe is formed and pressed through the upper die. The pipethus formed is delivered through the opening E made in the bottom partof the ram F.

The above-described method of charging the press contemplates thecasting of the ingots or charge first, and the subsequent introductionof them in therespective cylinders; but a better plan, and the one nowpursued, is to first cast the tin into the lower cylinder, through thehole j', and force the tin tube up tothe die D, and then cast the leadin the top cylindcr,through the hole U, on the tin tube, the topcylinder and bottom ram being then simultaneously started, rst allowingthe lead timev to cool.' By these means the lead and tin tubes arethoroughly welded together.

'represented byFig. 2, by which is shown a vertical section through thedies, rams, cylinders, and mandrel of a machine differently arrangedfrom those shown in Fig. 1, though embracing essentially the samefeatures. In

this figure G represents the upper cylinder, and K the lower one; F, theupper ram, and L 'the lower one,` A,the lead, and B the tin, ingot; Dthe top, and D the bottom, die, C representing the mandrel inthisfigure, as in Fig. V1.

After the respective ingots or charges have been placed in the machine,as illustrated in the drawing and as described above for the machineillustrated by Fig. 1, the operation of the machine commences by theapplication of The ram F, in-this case, is made hollow, the4 pipebeingcarried 'up through the center thereof, as indicated by the drawing.

The-cylinders illustrated in this figure are simply to/show the relationofthe dies, cylinders, and rams, omitting to show any means of securingthem in the press. This omission, however, will be readily supplied byany one acquainted with the manufacture of hydraulic presses, myinvention contemplating nothing but the ordinary mechanical devices foroperating the various parts of the machine.

A third medification of my invention is represented in Fig. 3. Herethere is, but one cylinder, as such, which is represented by G, theother cylinder being formed in the ram F, which, in this case, fills thedouble function of ram and cylinder. The lower ram is represented by L,the lead ingot or charge by A, and the tin one by B. The upper die, inthis case, as in thetwo former ones, is shown by D', and the lower'oneby D.

In operating this machine, the ingots of the two metals are firstsupplied to their proper cylindersthe same as in the case of the othertwo machines, after which the rams are moved up against them, as shownin the drawing. The power is then applied to the ram L, and the tinforced up 'through the lead ingot and top die, as inv the other machine.The power is then applied to the ram K, and the lead forced up aroundthe tin tube, the motion of the two rams beingl graduatedl to move inrelation to each other, so as to force the two metals through theirrespective dies with equal velocity, substantially as in the case of thetwo -moditications of the invention heretofore described. In the figurelast described there is also shown a'rolling attachment, consisting oftwo or four rollers, grooved to span the pipe,

A second` modification of my invention is and` arranged one above theother, as shown by H H H. The object of theserollers is to catch thepipe and draw it down -on the mandrel, in case of need, tothe sizerequired.

A fourth` modification of my invention is shown by Fig. 4, which` is,perhaps, rather ank extension of the invention than'a modiiication ofit, the object in this case being to press a coating of tin on theoutside of the pipe, as well as on the inside thereof, or, in otherwords, t9 fgrm a laminated pipe4 consisting of three tubes, disposed oneinside of the other.

` receive a smaller ram, L. In the upper end of the ram L the mandrel Cis fitted, and arranged to reach up through the center of the maincylinders, and has large rams. In the end ofthe ram H a die, D", isfitted, through `which the outside coating of tin is pressed,

and in the' partition ofthe main cylinder ay die, D', .is "fitted,through which the lead is pressed;V and rin the bottomlof theram F a`die, D, is fitted, through which the inside coatiirg of tin is pressed,the two ingots of tin being represented by B B, and the ingot of lead byA.' Y

In practicing this modification of my invention, the cylinder is firstcharged with the respective metals, the same as in the case of themachines heretofore described. The vpower is then applied to the ram L,by which the tin tube is pressed up around the mandrel until it reachesthe die D' of the lead ingot A, when the power is applied' to the ram F,which moves forward with'the ram L, forcing the tin and lead tubesforward, together until they reach the die D,whereupon the ram H is putin motion,which forces atube of tin up around the lead, the motion ofthe three rams being graduated with respect to each other to force therespective metals forwardl around thc mandrel with equal velocities'.

By means of this invention it will be seen th layers of the differentmetals forming the e will be of uniform thickness through its entirelength whatever mav be the shape, size,

or density of the different ingots or charges,

. and that the charge of tin-may be made large enough to'work off two orthree charges of lead; or the lead charge may be made large enough towork olf two or three charges of tin, by which means a continuous lengthof laminated pipe can .be formed, avoiding entirely the defect in thepipe resulting from the failure of the successive charges to unite, as iuthe ordinary pipe-press. This feature of my invention is, of course,just as applicable to the manufacture of lead pipe as lead-incased tinpipe; for, instead of charging one cylinder with lead andthe other withtin, they may both, or all three, be charged with lead in differentquantities,1hus enabling the operator to make acontinuous lengthor coilof lead pipe by first workin g ofi?` the smallest charge, which, beingrenewed, will work off the nent largestV charge, and so on continuously,breaking the joints in the different layers of metal composing the pipe.i

The drawing shows thc presses, illustrating the different modificationsof my invention, standing in a vertical position, and the descriptionhas been confined, for the most part', to the use of lead andtin; but itis my intention, in case of need, to set the presses on a horizontal ordiagonal plane, and to use any of the soft pressible metals or theiralloys in stead of those referred to above.

The various methols of practicing my invention, which I have hereinshown and dcscribed,do notinclude every modificationwhich may be made toembrace the essential elements of theinvention but enough has been shownand described to illustrate the advantage and utility of my inventionand the almost infinite modifications of which it is susceptible. Y

The principal features which characterize theinventiontare,irst, themanufacturing of tin-lin ed lead pipe, or lead-incased tin pipe, by

forcing the two metals or their alloys together in the form of alaminated pipe out of two separate cylinders andthrough as manyseparatedies, instead of forcing them together out of one cylinder andthrou h one die, asis the casein the patent alluded to; and, second, inthe manufacture of laminated pipe, consisting, first, of av tube of tin,then a tube of lead, and then a tube of tin again,duly welded together,or the alloys of said metals, by forcing said metals together in theform of pipe, as aforesaid. The drawing shows amethod of doing this outof three cylinders; but itl will readily be seen that either two of themetals may be y put together in one cylinder and the third metal in a4second cylinder, and so pressed to-y gether, substantially in the manneralready described. But all these different modifications embody the samegeneral principle of Y operation, and 'so fall within the scope of myinvention, which `also includes thefmanufac-v ture of a continuouslength of laminated pipe, whether composed of tin and lead, or pure tin,or other metal suitable for this purpose.

In stating my claim, therefore, I do not wish to be understood aslimiting myself `to any particular mechanical modification embodying theaforementioned principle of operation but What I claim, and desiretosecure by Letters Patent, is- Y 1. The formation of a metallic pipe byforcing two or more of the ductile metals together in the form of tubesovera mandrel or core, ont of two or more cylinders, and through, on, orin two or moredies, substantially as de-f scribed. Y y y,

2. The use of two or more cylinders, two or more rams, and two or moredies, or their equivalents, when combined with a mandrel f tube of leadpresse between two tubes of tin,

by forming and forcing them together through -three dies, ont of threecylinders, over one core or mandrel, in the manner described.

4. In combination with a pipe-press, a set of-drawing or stretchingrollers, for the purpose of drawing or stretching the pipe on themandrel or core as it issues from' the'press, substantially asdescribed.

5. Themannfactnreof a continuous metal pipe, whether of lead or ofcomposition, from metal disposed in two or more retaining-cylinders, byforcing it out of the same in the form of two or more tubes, over amandrel or core, and in such proportion that the retaining-cylindersshall not both or all be exhausted at the same time, so as to avoid thedefect in the pipe resulting from the failure of the successive chargesto thoroughly weld, as in the ordinary press, substantially asdescribed.

WM. ANTHONY SHAW.

Witnesses:

P. D. KENNY, AMos BROADNAX.

